美國7月10日公布再向2,000億美元的中國進口商品加徵10%關稅,以反制中方報復且拒絕改變其不公平貿易的行為。(圖片來源:Getty Images)
【看中國2018年7月13日訊】(看中國記者丁曉雨綜合報導)美中貿易戰持續升級。週二(7月10日),美國貿易代表辦公室(USTR)依照川普(特朗普)總統的指示發表聲明,宣布再向價值2,000億美元的中國進口商品增收10%關稅,同時公布新清單。
此次清單列出6031個關稅項目,包括動物產品、植物產品、礦產品、紡織品、化學品、金屬製品等,清單長約200頁。
美國貿易代表萊特希澤(Robert Lighthizer)在公布的聲明中,強勢點出再次加征關稅的兩個關鍵原因:
「鑒於中國政府的報復及拒絕改變其做法(不公平貿易)的行為,總統已下令美國貿易代表辦公室啟動程序,對另外2,000億美元中國進口商品徵收10%的關稅。」
據《美國之音》報導,川普政府自7月6日起,正式對340億美元的中國商品加徵25%的關稅。而中國政府立即予以報復,對同等規模的美國商品加征關稅。
日前,川普總統就曾表示,若中國政府採取報復行動,美國將啟動目前暫緩的對2000億美元進口中國商品的徵稅,之後再按照需要啟動目前暫緩的對3000億美元進口中國商品的徵稅。
若中國政府繼續報復且拒絕改變其不公平貿易行為,美國最終可能對總共價值5500億美元的中國商品加征關稅,相當於去年中國對美國出口總額。
基於《1974年貿易法》第301條款,萊特希澤於7月10日在USTR官網上發表了相關聲明,並附上了徵求公眾意見的公告。
依其公告,相關程序安排如下:
7月27日:有意出席公聽會及在會前提交書面意見者,須於期限前提出申請;
8月17日:提交書面意見截止日;
8月20至23日:「301條委員會」舉行公聽會;
8月30日:公聽會後提交書面意見的截止日。
預計將在8月底前完成徵求公眾意見程序。
以下是USTR發表的針對2,000億美元中國商品徵稅的聲明全文(中英文對照):
On Friday, in response to unfair Chinese practices,the United States began imposing tariffs of 25 percent on approximately $34 billion worth of Chinese imports. These tariffs will eventually cover up to $50 billion in Chinese imports as legal processes conclude. The products targeted by the tariffs are those that benefit from China’s industrial policy and forced technology transfer practices.
上週五,作為對中國政府不公平貿易行為的回應,美國開始對價值約340億美元的中國進口商品加徵25%的關稅。隨著法律程序的完成,這些關稅最終將涵蓋價值最高可達500億美元的中國進口商品。關稅針對的是那些從中國的產業政策和強制技術轉移做法中受益的產品。
China has since retaliated against the United States by imposing tariffs on $34 billion in U.S. exports to China, and threatening tariffs on another $16 billion. It did this without any international legal basis or justification.
中國政府隨即對美國施加報復,對美國向中國出口的340億美元商品徵收關稅,並威脅將對另外160億美元的商品徵收關稅。這種做法既無任何國際法作為依據,也不公正。
As aresult of China’s retaliation and failure to change its practices, the President has ordered USTR to begin the process of imposing tariffs of 10 percent on an additional $200 billion of Chinese imports. This is an appropriate response under the authority of Section 301 to obtain the elimination of China’s harmful industrial policies. USTR will proceed with atransparent and comprehensive public notice and comment process prior to the imposition of final tariffs, as we have for previous tariffs.
鑒於中國政府的報復及拒絕改變其做法(不公平貿易)的行為,總統已下令美國貿易代表辦公室啟動程序,對另外2,000億美元中國進口商品徵收10%的關稅。這是在301條款授權下的恰當回應,以便實現消除中國有害的產業政策。最終徵收關稅之前,USTR將進行透明、全面的公告,以及意見徵詢程序—一如我們之前的關稅措施。
On August 14,2017, President Trump instructed USTR to begin the Section 301 process. For many years,China has pursued abusive trading practices with regard to intellectual property and innovation. USTR conducted athorough investigation over an 8-month period, including public hearings and submissions. In adetailed 200-page report, USTR found that China has been engaging in industrial policy which has resulted in the transfer and theft of intellectual property and technology to the detriment of our economy and the future of our workers and businesses.
2017年8月14日,川普總統指示USTR啟動301條款程序。多年以來,中國政府在知識財產和創新方面,一直採取違規的貿易做法。USTR進行了為期8個月的徹底調查,包括公開聽證和意見徵詢。在一份200頁長的詳盡報告中,USTR發現中國政府一直在採取導致知識產權和技術轉移、盜竊的產業政策,損害了我們的經濟和我們的工人與企業的未來(利益)。
USTR’s Section 301 report found that Chinese policies and practices force U.S. innovators to hand over their technology and know-how as the price of doing business in China. China also uses non-economic means to obtain U.S. technology, such as using state-owned funds and companies to buy up American businesses and imposing burdensome intellectual property licensing requirements in China. USTR’s report also found that the Chinese government sponsors the outright theft of U.S. technology for commercial benefit. These practices are an existential threat to America’s most critical comparative advantage and the future of our economy: our intellectual property and technology.
USTR的301條款報告發現,中國政府的政策和做法強迫美國的創新者轉移其技術和專業知識,以此為代價在中國開展經營。中國政府還利用非經濟手段來獲得美國技術,如通過國有資金和國有企業來大肆收購美國公司,並在中國實行繁瑣的知識產權許可要求。USTR的報告還發現,中國政府對為了商業利益公然竊取美國技術的行為進行資助。這些做法對於我們的知識財產和技術——即美國最重要的優勢,以及美國經濟的未來而言,是個生存上的威脅。
For over ayear, the Trump Administration has patiently urged China to stop its unfair practices, open its market,and engage in true market competition. We have been very clear and detailed regarding the specific changes China should undertake. Unfortunately, China has not changed its behavior–behavior that puts the future of the U.S.economy at risk. Rather than address our legitimate concerns, China has begun to retaliate against U.S. products. There is no justification for such action.
一年多以來,川普政府一直耐心地敦促中國政府停止其不公平的做法,開放市場,進行真正的市場競爭。在中國政府應做出何種具體改變方面,我們已經非常明確並詳盡地闡述。遺憾的是,中國政府並未改變其行為——這種行為將美國經濟的未來置於危險境地。中國政府非但沒有著手解決我們的合理擔憂,反而已經開始對美國產品施以報復。這種行動沒有正當理由。
As in the past, the United States is willing to engage in efforts that could lead to aresolution of our concerns about China’s unfair trade practices and to China opening its market to U.S. goods and services. In the meantime, we will remain vigilant in defending the ability of our workers and businesses to compete on afair and reciprocal basis.
與以往一樣,美國願意參與解決中國政府不公平貿易做法的努力,並促使中方向美國商品和服務開放其市場,同時,我們仍將保持警惕,捍衛我們的工人和企業在公平對等的基礎上競爭的能力。