美国7月10日公布再向2,000亿美元的中国进口商品加征10%关税,以反制中方报复且拒绝改变其不公平贸易的行为。(图片来源:Getty Images)
【看中国2018年7月13日讯】(看中国记者丁晓雨综合报导)美中贸易战持续升级。周二(7月10日),美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)依照川普(特朗普)总统的指示发表声明,宣布再向价值2,000亿美元的中国进口商品增收10%关税,同时公布新清单。
此次清单列出6031个关税项目,包括动物产品、植物产品、矿产品、纺织品、化学品、金属制品等,清单长约200页。
美国贸易代表莱特希泽(Robert Lighthizer)在公布的声明中,强势点出再次加征关税的两个关键原因:
“鉴于中国政府的报复及拒绝改变其做法(不公平贸易)的行为,总统已下令美国贸易代表办公室启动程序,对另外2,000亿美元中国进口商品征收10%的关税。”
据《美国之音》报导,川普政府自7月6日起,正式对340亿美元的中国商品加征25%的关税。而中国政府立即予以报复,对同等规模的美国商品加征关税。
日前,川普总统就曾表示,若中国政府采取报复行动,美国将启动目前暂缓的对2000亿美元进口中国商品的征税,之后再按照需要启动目前暂缓的对3000亿美元进口中国商品的征税。
若中国政府继续报复且拒绝改变其不公平贸易行为,美国最终可能对总共价值5500亿美元的中国商品加征关税,相当于去年中国对美国出口总额。
基于《1974年贸易法》第301条款,莱特希泽于7月10日在USTR官网上发表了相关声明,并附上了征求公众意见的公告。
依其公告,相关程序安排如下:
7月27日:有意出席公听会及在会前提交书面意见者,须于期限前提出申请;
8月17日:提交书面意见截止日;
8月20至23日:“301条委员会”举行公听会;
8月30日:公听会后提交书面意见的截止日。
预计将在8月底前完成征求公众意见程序。
以下是USTR发表的针对2,000亿美元中国商品征税的声明全文(中英文对照):
On Friday, in response to unfair Chinese practices,the United States began imposing tariffs of 25 percent on approximately $34 billion worth of Chinese imports. These tariffs will eventually cover up to $50 billion in Chinese imports as legal processes conclude. The products targeted by the tariffs are those that benefit from China’s industrial policy and forced technology transfer practices.
上周五,作为对中国政府不公平贸易行为的回应,美国开始对价值约340亿美元的中国进口商品加征25%的关税。随着法律程序的完成,这些关税最终将涵盖价值最高可达500亿美元的中国进口商品。关税针对的是那些从中国的产业政策和强制技术转移做法中受益的产品。
China has since retaliated against the United States by imposing tariffs on $34 billion in U.S. exports to China, and threatening tariffs on another $16 billion. It did this without any international legal basis or justification.
中国政府随即对美国施加报复,对美国向中国出口的340亿美元商品征收关税,并威胁将对另外160亿美元的商品征收关税。这种做法既无任何国际法作为依据,也不公正。
As aresult of China’s retaliation and failure to change its practices, the President has ordered USTR to begin the process of imposing tariffs of 10 percent on an additional $200 billion of Chinese imports. This is an appropriate response under the authority of Section 301 to obtain the elimination of China’s harmful industrial policies. USTR will proceed with atransparent and comprehensive public notice and comment process prior to the imposition of final tariffs, as we have for previous tariffs.
鉴于中国政府的报复及拒绝改变其做法(不公平贸易)的行为,总统已下令美国贸易代表办公室启动程序,对另外2,000亿美元中国进口商品征收10%的关税。这是在301条款授权下的恰当回应,以便实现消除中国有害的产业政策。最终征收关税之前,USTR将进行透明、全面的公告,以及意见征询程序—一如我们之前的关税措施。
On August 14,2017, President Trump instructed USTR to begin the Section 301 process. For many years,China has pursued abusive trading practices with regard to intellectual property and innovation. USTR conducted athorough investigation over an 8-month period, including public hearings and submissions. In adetailed 200-page report, USTR found that China has been engaging in industrial policy which has resulted in the transfer and theft of intellectual property and technology to the detriment of our economy and the future of our workers and businesses.
2017年8月14日,川普总统指示USTR启动301条款程序。多年以来,中国政府在知识财产和创新方面,一直采取违规的贸易做法。USTR进行了为期8个月的彻底调查,包括公开听证和意见征询。在一份200页长的详尽报告中,USTR发现中国政府一直在采取导致知识产权和技术转移、盗窃的产业政策,损害了我们的经济和我们的工人与企业的未来(利益)。
USTR’s Section 301 report found that Chinese policies and practices force U.S. innovators to hand over their technology and know-how as the price of doing business in China. China also uses non-economic means to obtain U.S. technology, such as using state-owned funds and companies to buy up American businesses and imposing burdensome intellectual property licensing requirements in China. USTR’s report also found that the Chinese government sponsors the outright theft of U.S. technology for commercial benefit. These practices are an existential threat to America’s most critical comparative advantage and the future of our economy: our intellectual property and technology.
USTR的301条款报告发现,中国政府的政策和做法强迫美国的创新者转移其技术和专业知识,以此为代价在中国开展经营。中国政府还利用非经济手段来获得美国技术,如通过国有资金和国有企业来大肆收购美国公司,并在中国实行繁琐的知识产权许可要求。USTR的报告还发现,中国政府对为了商业利益公然窃取美国技术的行为进行资助。这些做法对于我们的知识财产和技术——即美国最重要的优势,以及美国经济的未来而言,是个生存上的威胁。
For over ayear, the Trump Administration has patiently urged China to stop its unfair practices, open its market,and engage in true market competition. We have been very clear and detailed regarding the specific changes China should undertake. Unfortunately, China has not changed its behavior–behavior that puts the future of the U.S.economy at risk. Rather than address our legitimate concerns, China has begun to retaliate against U.S. products. There is no justification for such action.
一年多以来,川普政府一直耐心地敦促中国政府停止其不公平的做法,开放市场,进行真正的市场竞争。在中国政府应做出何种具体改变方面,我们已经非常明确并详尽地阐述。遗憾的是,中国政府并未改变其行为——这种行为将美国经济的未来置于危险境地。中国政府非但没有着手解决我们的合理担忧,反而已经开始对美国产品施以报复。这种行动没有正当理由。
As in the past, the United States is willing to engage in efforts that could lead to aresolution of our concerns about China’s unfair trade practices and to China opening its market to U.S. goods and services. In the meantime, we will remain vigilant in defending the ability of our workers and businesses to compete on afair and reciprocal basis.
与以往一样,美国愿意参与解决中国政府不公平贸易做法的努力,并促使中方向美国商品和服务开放其市场,同时,我们仍将保持警惕,捍卫我们的工人和企业在公平对等的基础上竞争的能力。